Magnetic memory element testing system and method

ABSTRACT

A method and system for testing a magnetic memory element by applying a sequence of test routines in which each test routine is a programmed sequence to tests and analyses; each routine having programmed segments and each segment having programmed steps. A programmed test control provides test parameter and step selection control signals. A programmed timing control selects steps to be performed in response to the step selection signals and generates timing signals as programmed in each of the selected steps. A test pulse generator produces test signals in response to the test parameter control signals and the timing signals.

United States Patent Chernow et al. I 51 Apr. 11, 1972 1541 MAGNETIC MEMORY ELEMENT 3,478,286 11/1969 Dervan ..235/153 TESTING SYSTEM AND METHOD 3,518,413 6/1970 Holtey ...235/l53 [72] Inventors Gary Allen Chemo SW "h P 3,519,808 7/1970 Lawder..... ...235/153 1 a more 3,541,441 11 1970 H t' h 7 Hyman 0611, Cherry 11111, 19.1. I M 324/ 3 Primary Examiner-Charles E. Atkinson [73] Asslgnee Computer Test Corpormon Attorney-Maleson, Kimmelman and Ratner and Allan Ratner [22] Filed: Aug. 17, 1970 Appl. No.: 64,158

u.s. c1. ..235/153, 324/34 R, 324/73 R, 4 340/174 TC 1111. c1. ..Gllc 29/00 Fleld 61 Search ..235/153; 340/174 ED, 174 TC, 340/1725; 324/73 R, 34 R References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,440,526 4/1969 Kastning...; ..324/34 3,443,210 5/1969 Kastnin'g ..324/34 MANUAL INPUT [57] ABSTRACT A method and system for testing a magnetic memory element by applying a sequence of test routines in which each test routine is a programmed sequence to tests and analyses; each routine having programmed segments and each segment having programmed steps. A programmed test control provides test parameter and step selection control signals. A programmed timing control selects steps to be performed in response to the step selection signals and generates timing signals as programmed in each of the selected steps. A test pulse generator produces test signals in response to the test parameter control signals and the timing signals.

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IN VENTORS GARY A CHER/vow HYMAN GAIL F/Ci/A ATTORNE Y5 AND METHOD TABLE OF CONTENTS Column 1. Background of the Invention l A. Field of the Invention l q B. Prior Art I 2. Summary of the Invention 2 3. Brief Description of the Drawings 2 4. Theory of Test of Memory Element 3 5. General Description of System 12 5 6. Detailed Description of System 12 6 A. Test Routine Control 25 6 B. Step Timing Control 32 8 C. Test Pulse Generator 40 9 1. Word Pulse Generation 10 2. Bit Pulse Generation 1 l D. Test Station l5 l3 E. Response Analysis System 45 14 1. Level Discriminator 215 14 2. Digital Ratio Detector 224 14 F. Schmoo Operation 16 G. Programmed Test Routine Operation 18 1. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A. Field of the Invention This invention relates to the field of art of magnetic memory element testing systems.

B. Prior Art Magnetic memory elements of the plated wire type are known in which, for example, a strand of beryllium-cobalt alloy wire is plated with a continuous coating of a nickel-iron alloy. As described in detail in an article by Mathias and Fedde, Plated-Wire Technology: A Critical Review, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. Mag. 5, No. 4, December 1969, Pages 728 751, a preferred magnetization direction may be formed circumferentially around the wire and a single memory region to be used for storing one bit may be about mils in length on the plated wire element. Several hundred of such bits can conveniently be stored on each plated wire element making up a total memory. Bit positions are determined by the position of word lines or straps. The straps are formed perpendicular to and insulated from the plated wire element with each strap forming a solenoid around all of the parallel plated wire elements.

In operation of the plated wire memory element, infonnation is stored according to the sense of the circumferential magnetization within a particular bit region. For example, clockwise magnetization may represent a stored one and counter clockwise magnetization may represent a stored zero.

In order to read the information stored, a word current is applied to the word strap which produces a word field along the axis of the elements. The word field tilts the magnetization vector from its circumferential rest position towards the axis of the wire. The resultant magnetic flux change produces a voltage at the ends of the plated wire element. If the amplitude of the word current is controlled so that the magnetization returns to its initial position when the current is turned off, nondestructive readout is achieved. Information may be stored in the element by coincidence of a word current pulse and a bit current pulse which is applied through the plated wire element. When the bit current is of a first polarity, the magnetization vector is steered so that at the termination of both current pulses the vector is in a defined logic 1 rest position. When the bit current is of the opposite polarity, the vector is in the logic 0 rest position.

It has been recognized that continuous electrical testing of plated wire elements immediately following the plating operation and before the wire is cut is instrumental in achieving maximum production yield. The two principle objectives of such on-line testing are (l) proper operation in a desired memory system configuration and (2) control of the manufacturing process. The testing should accurately predict the performance of the plated wire in any one of a range of system operating conditions in which the plated wire element may be used. In addition, off-line" testing may also be provided to achieve detailed analysis of a plated wire element. It has been found that the most effective test procedure requires the element to be tested under conditions which closely resemble the anticipated system environment.

10 An optimum-test routine for a plated wire element may first provide logical operations for extensive exercising of the element in a predetermined manner. This is applicable to both on-line and off-line tests. A further test requirement for online tests is that the operations be on a time scale consistant with the speed of the plating process in real time. Otherwise, less than 100 percent test coverage of the plated wire element is provided. Such 100 percent coverage is essential since it is generally not known during tests which exact regions of the element will be used for information storage since these regions are a function of the total memory structure. Further, the speed of the tests in the routine must be consistant with the anticipated speed of operation of the memory system in which the element will be used. Specifically, a test routine may subject a region to the application of 10,000 read pulses at the anticipated system clock rate, for example, to cause the region under test to achieve a controlled reproducible magnetic state as a reference for further tests. In another example, a routine might subject a region to 10 to 50 repeats of a write cycle since it is known that the write pattern is stable and the response of the region will converge monotonically to a final magnetic state within this time. The final state characterization implies that no further significant change occurs in the region after an essentially infinite number of write cycles. I-Ieretofore, prior test systems have not satisfactorily provided the full scale of test required by plated wire elements and solved the foregoing difficult problems of proper exercising and 100 percent test coverage of the element.

2. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A system and method which produces a programmed sequence of tests and analyses for a magnetic memory element to be tested. At least one test routine is selected and test con trol means provides programmed amplitude and pattern control signals and programmed step selection control signals. A programmed step timing control selects steps to be performed in response to the step selection control signals and also generates timing signals as programmed in each of the selected steps. The timing signals and the amplitude and pattern control signals are applied to a test pulse generator which produces test signals in accordance with these timing and control signals for performance of the tests and analyses.

Further, the test signals are applied to the magnetic memory element and the resultant response signals are analyzed by an analysis system.

3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGS. lA-D illustrate in block diagram form the entire test system 12 embodying the invention;

FIG. 1E illustrates the manner in which FIGS. lA-D may be taken together;

FIGS. 2A-D illustrate waveforms of test signals produced by system 12;

FIG. 3 illustrates in more detail and in block diagram form a step timing control 32 shown in FIG. 1C;

FIGS. 4AC illustrate in more detail and in block diagram form test pulse generator 40 of FIG. 1B;

FIGS. 4D and 5 illustrate waveforms helpful in the explanation of test pulse generator 40;

FIG. 6 illustrates in more detail and in block diagram form the response analysis system 45 of FIG. 1D;

FIG. 7A-C illustrate an example of a program test routine and further show how a test routine would be programmed in boards 26 and 30;

FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate typical plots generated during schmoo operation;

FIG. 10 illustrates plated wire element 20 within word straps of test station 15 of FIG. 1B; and

FIGS. llA-B illustrate waveforms helpful in the explanation of worst case test operation.

4. THEORY OF TEST OF MEMORY ELEMENT The following terms used herein are defined:

test routine programmed sequence of tests and measurements;

test routine segment programmed portion of a test routine effective to select test signal parameters, segments to be recalled, steps to be performed;

step programmed real time operation performing tests defined by segments in response to program generated timing signals.

A plated wire magnetic memory element test system 12 is shown in FIGS. lA-D in which there is measured and analyzed the element response to a sequence of test operations and subroutines. System 12 may be programmed to provide a sequence of test routines using particular write mode and data patterns. In a typical test routine, three adjacent regions of the element under test, for example, regions n-l, n and n+1 are tested. The test is performed on the element in test station 15 under simulated conditions of actual operation in a memory system.

Referring now to FIGS. ZA-D, there are shown write mode signals which are typically used for differing types of elements 20. In a specific test routine, one of these write mode signals may be selected for an element response measurement of a predetermined element 20.

In each of FIGS. 2A-D, the word current pulse I indicates the word current flowing through a word strap associated with one of the three regions and bit current pulse I indicates the current flowing axially through the element under test.

In FIG. 2A, a write I" is shown in which a positive going bit pulse 11 is illustrated occurring during the fall time of the word pulse 10. Accordingly, a l is written into the respective region of the plated wire under test. It will be understood that a negative going pulse 11 occurring during the fall time of write pulse 10 would cause a to be written in the respective region. FIG. 2A with either a positive going or negative going bit pulse is defined as a unipolar single write mode. FIG. 2B illustrates a bipolar single write mode since the bit current comprises a pair of opposite polarity pulses. The opposite polarity pulses forming the bipolar bit current may comprise a positive going pulse followed by a negative going pulse or a negative going pulse followed by a positive going pulse. The signals in FIG. 2B are defined as bipolar single write with post-write disturb. In FIG. 28, a 0 is written during the fall time of word current a and during the time of first bit current pulse 11a. The second word current pulse 11b performs a post write disturb effective for creep distortion control of the plated wire region.

Similarily, FIG. 2C defines a bipolar single write with prewrite disturb. Specifically, as in FIG. 2B, a 0 is written during the word current 10b fall time. However, in this case, the fall time of pulse 10b occurs during the time of the second bit current pulse 11d in the sequence. The first bit current pulse 110 preceding pulse 11d has the effect of controlling creep distortion in the plated wire region.

The last of the illustrative write modes, shown in FIG. 2D, is defined as bipolar overlap double write. As in FIG. 2C, a 0 is written by a second bit current pulse 11f. However, the word current pulse 10c is of substantially greater pulse width than pulse 10b so that it overlaps first bit current pulse 1 1e.

In the write modes described above, a typical word pulse I comprises a positive unipolar word current pulse, as for example, pulse 10 in FIG. 2A. During a read mode, it will be understood that a single unipolar word current pulse 10 is generated (without a bit pulse) and only the word current pulse is applied to the element under test.

To accomplish simulated worst case testing of plated wire elements, there are two methods which may be used, both of which are based on energy considerations as applied to mag netic switching theory. A first method applies test pulse signals of constant width to the plated wire element 20 under test using any of the write modes described above. The amplitudes of the test signals, however, are controlled to simulate the desired extrema that may be anticipated in actual system operation. In this manner, the energy contained in the test pulse signals which are applied to switch the magnetic state of the element under test may be controlled since the energy contained in the pulse signal is proportional to the time integral of the pulse amplitude.

Alternatively, a second method of worst case testing may be accomplished using test pulse signals of constant amplitude but of controlled width. The test pulse width control determines that the energy contained in the pulse again represents the extrema expected in a worst case system environment. Thereby, as in the amplitude control method described above, this second method is also effective to allow a controlled switching of the magnetic state of an element under test and measurement of the response.

In a test operation, a typical subroutine comprises five portions:

1. preconditioning 2. data write 3. preread 4. disturb 5. postread These five portions are described in detail below in the context of worst case testing using amplitude controlled test pulse signals. Alternatively, the portions may similarly be described for width controlled test pulse signals.

1. The first portion is defined as a preconditioning portion which causes the element under test to achieve a controlled reproducible magnetic state. In a typical example, this is accomplished by either parallel or sequential repetitive writing in regions n-l n and n+1, the complement of the date pattern. This writing operation uses the maximum amplitude tolerance write pulse pattern that is anticipated in actual system operation, thereby simulating worst case environment.

2. In data write, the date pattern is written in cell it of the region under test using the minimum amplitude tolerance write pulse pattern.

3. In preread, the data previously written in cell it during data write is read and the resultant response measured. This portion of the subroutine provides a verification of the previous portions and establishes a reference for comparison with the measured response in the postread portion.

. The disturb portion comprises at least one of a number of nondestructive disturb cycles applied to the plated wire element to simulate the worst case conditions of the element in an actual system operation. Typical disturb sequences may include:

a. read disturb in which cell n is subjected to a repeated word pulse having the maximum amplitude tolerance that is anticipated in actual system operation; write disturb in which cell n is subjected to a repeated bit pulse pattern having maximum amplitude tolerance; adjacent cell disturb in which adjacent cells n-l and n+1 are repetitively written with complement data using the maximum amplitude tolerance write pulse pattern;

. crawl disturb in which cell n is subjected to a repetitive maximum amplitude tolerance word pulse in conjunction with a low level complement bit pulse;

e. creep disturb in which cell n is subjected to a repetitive maximum amplitude tolerance bit pulse in conjunction with a low level word pulse;

interleave disturb in which cell n is subjected to a repetitive pulse pattern comprising a read disturb followed by a write disturb. In bipolar single write with prewrite disturb mode, for example, the leading bit pulse has maximum tolerance amplitude and complementary data polarity;

g. alternating data disturb in which cell n is subjected to a repetitive pulse pattern comprising a minimum amplitude tolerance complement data write pulse pattern followed by a minimum amplitude data write pulse pattern.

5. In postread, the magnetic state and response of cell n is read and measured. The resultant response measurement is compared in amplitude with the preread response and to the external references.

An example of a typical subroutine is shown below for an adjacent cell disturb test one test routine:

In this test example, program steps 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the preconditioning history portion as described above. Steps 4 and 5 correspond to data write and preread respectively. Program steps 6 and 7 provide the adjacent word disturb as described above. Program step 8 corresponds to postread.

In most applications, the test will be repeated using the logic pattern complement of the bit pulses, thereby providing zero test routine. Therefore, during a zero test routine which follows a one test routine, each of the write operations described above will write a complement data pattern in the associated region of the element under test. However, the program steps remain the same so that, for example, a precondition n-l still writes with the maximum amplitude tolerance write pulse pattern albeit, the logic complement of that used in the one test routine.

5. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TEST SYSTEM 12 As previously described, test system 12 as shown in FIGS. lA-D may be programmed to provide a selectable sequence of test routines in which each test routine is a programmed sequence of tests and analyses. Each routine comprises at least one programmed segment and with each segment comprising at least one programmed step.

The segments are programmed into the test routine control 25 comprising a programmable diode matrix plug board, test routine control board 26. Thirty-two test routine segments may be programmed into board 26 with each segment allow ing the selection of test parameters as programmed. Test system 12 selects at least one test routine and operates in sequence thereon recalling, if so programmed in a segment being operated on, predetennined segments other than segments in the selected test routine for prior operation before returning to the selected routine. The programmed segments are operated on in sequence with each segment generating control signals to select steps to be performed as programmed in a step timing control board 30 of step timing control 32. Test routine control generates these control signals in an asynchronous manner at a rate proportional to the time required to perform the programmed steps in control 32. The selected steps are operated on in sequence to generate timing signals synchronous with an independent predetermined frequency clock signal. The timing signals are provided by way of channels 1 16, to control the tests to be performed on plated wire element in test station 15. The test parameters programmed in the segment being operated on in board 26 are effective to program test pulse generator 40 with respect to test signal amplitude and signal pattern. Specifically, generator 40 generates test signals as a function of the programmed test parameters and in response to the timing signals on channels 1 5. The test signals in the form of word current and bit current pulses are applied by way of cables 42 and 43 respectively to test station 15.

The response of element 20 is taken from test station I5 by way of cable 44 and applied to a response analysis system 45 which is timed by channels 6 l5 and enabled by control board 26 to select the mode of error analysis to be performed. Accordingly, test system 12 provides measurement and analysis of the response of element 20.

6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM 12 A. Test Routine Control 25 Test system 12 performs tests on plated wire element 20 in several modes of operation as determined by a mode select switch 250. A first mode, continuous, is applicable for on-line testing of a continuously moving plated wire element as it emerges from the plating process. All other operational modes of test system 12 are off-line and are used in testing discrete lengths of a plated wire element in conjunction with a controlled drive assembly 17 as described in U. S. Pat. application, Ser. No. 64,309, filed Aug. 17, 1970 for SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MAGNETICALLY TESTING PLATED WIRE by James M. Major and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.

In a first off-line mode, error recycle, test system 12 performs the desired tests and upon detection of an error or region of substandard response by response analysis system 45. System 12 provides a control signal to the off-line drive assembly 17 to maintain at test station 15 the region under test which has produced the error. In this error recycle mode, test system 12 repetitively applies the test routine to the foregoing region.

In a second off-line mode, one-shot, test system 12 sequences once through the programmed segments of a test routine as determined by the scan limits set in program segment counter 84. After the last segment of the routine is performed, system 12 terminates operation.

A third off-line mode performs schmoo testing as described below in 6F., Schmoo Operation, providing current pulse increments for either word or bits as selected.

Test routine control board 26 comprises a diode matrix pinboard which is programmed to designate a series of test operations and, further, to define the parameters that are to be generated for each test routine segment. Up to 28 test routine segments may be generated in sequential order with the segments being designated 0 27. In addition, there are four test routine segments Al, A2, B1 and B2 which may be recalled and performed prior to any test routine segment 0 27. The performance of the recall segments is determined by programming a'desired segment 0 27. Accordingly, the operator with one diode pin per recall segment can insert, for example, the preconditioning history frequently required for many test routines and in this manner conserving program segments for programs which can not be routinely performed.

Board 26 is set up on a cartesian coordinate system with the horizontal rows 51 representing the test routine segments with rows 52 defining recall segments A1, A2, B1 and B2 and rows 50 defining program segments 0 27. The vertical columns 54 represent segment data selection that is to be generated for any given test routine segment 51.

The first 10 columns of segment data select 54 are step select 60 which comprises as the first five columns start step 61 and the second five columns, stop step 62. For the start step 61, a 5 bit binary coded number is used to define the initial step of a test routine segment. The insertion of a diode within the five bits represents a binary one for the corresponding bit weight. For the stop step 62, a 5 bit binary coded number is used to define the final step of a test routine segment. Recall segment select 64 comprises four columns A1, A2, B1 and B2. A diode inserted in a respective column in the manner previously described, recalls the appropriate recall segment 52 at the beginning of a program segment 50 being so prograrruned for recall.

The programming of the amplitude of the word and bit current pulse test signals is determined in segment pulse amplitude select columns 70. Associated with each of the word current drivers, there is provided word pulse amplitude select columns 72 which comprise three columns +A, N and -A respectively for each 72b-d of the n-l n and n+1 word straps. A diode inserted in any one of the foregoing three groups of three columns generates a word amplitude select signal corresponding to one of the three preselected current amplitudes for the respective word. A total of nine columns are accordingly required in board 26 to control the amplitude of the n-l n and n+1 word drivers 132a as a function of the test routine segments. Similarly, for the bit current drivers there are 6 bit pulse amplitude select columns 74 with three columns 74b corresponding to the positive driver and three columns 74c to the negative driver. These columns generate the bit amplitude select signals.

Digital ratio select columns 78 comprise four columns which are used in conjunction with digital ratio detector 224 in analysis system 45. These columns directly correspond to the digital ratio detector channels 1 through 4. A diode inserted in one of the columns enables the corresponding digital ratio detector channel for a comparison event of the program segment associated with that diode location.

Pattern select 80 determines the data pattern as either ones or zeroes. A diode inserted in the column determines the pattern to be I.

A segment recycle select column 82 allows the system to continue generating the test parameters as programmed in the test segment and recycle the segment on a continuous basis without going to the next segment. A diode inserted in this column 82 accomplishes the foregoing recycling operation.

An analyze select column 83 is effective to enable the error detection logic channels. A diode in this column 83 is required in a program segment to accomplish an analysis operation.

There are several control selections which are not located within board 26 although these controls are located within the main control 25. These control selections are as follows:

Program segment counter 84 a test routine will comprise one or more segments any sequence of which may be selected by the operator using external switches in counter 84. Counter 84 is effective to control test system 12 operation so that the selected segments are sequentially performed.

Pattern select 86 an external switch is used in conjunction with pattern select column 80. With the switch in a first position, the pattern information in column 80 is used during segment operation. With the switch in a second position, the complement of the pattern information is used. In a third position, the information in the pattern column is first used during the test routine segment and then the complement is used during a repetition of the segment. In this manner, a segment is repeated once using the amplitude parameters programmed in the segment 50 and controlled by bit pulse control 134 described below but with a complement data pattern.

Write mode select 87 an external switch is used to select by way of line 81 which of the fundamental write modes as described above are to be used during test operation. With the switch in a first position, unipolar write is selected and with the switch in a second position, bipolar write is selected. The detailed write pulse parameters comprising relative delay, amplitude, pulse width, rise and fall time are determined in test pulse generator 40 as discussed below.

Amplitude programmer 85 an array of operator controlled switches provides ten bit storage of three values of test amplitudes for each of the n-l, n and n+1 word test signals and eight bit storage of three values of test amplitudes for both the positive and negative bit test signals. The three values for each test signal are designated N, +A and -A. Generally, the stored values are programmed to correspond to a nominal value, N, and plus and minus tolerance values, +A and A, representing maximum and minimum expected values, respectively. Each of the binary coded stored values is transferred by way of cable 85a to pulse generator 40 where selection of the particular values to be used within a given segment is accomplished.

Percentage select 76 four pairs of operator controlled switches with binary coded outputs corresponding to preselected digits 0 through 100 are used to store percentage multipliers for use in determination of error conditions in digital ratio detector 224 analysis. The percentage values set up a tolerance range of acceptability for stored response characteristic 218a.

Reference select 106 eight potentiometer operator controls generate analog voltage reference levels which may be used as comparison thresholds for response analysis in each of the respective channels in level discriminator 215. The predetermined analog reference levels are applied to discriminator 215 by way of cables 220a-h.

B. Step Timing Control 32 Step timing control 32, shown in more detail in FIG. 3, includes step timing control board 30 which comprises a diode matrix of the pinboard type having sixteen rows each corresponding to a differing parallel output channel 1 16. There are 32 columns 0 31 provided, each corresponding to a differing step which controls a real time operation. Within a particular step column, a diode plugged into a selected channel determines that a pulse timing signal is provided during operation of that step on that channel at the time of the system clock pulse as provided by system clock 94. As previously described, the program steps to be performed are programmed in step select column 60 of board 26 which has output connections through cables 89a and 89b to step control 90 of control 32. Step control 90 comprises a binary up counter 96, a step decoder 98 and a system clock generator 94. The step select cables 89a-b are applied to counter 96 which, on command from test routine control 25 by way of cable 880, counts under the control of clock 94 beginning at the initial step of the selected sequence. The count output signals from counter 96 are applied to step decoder 98 which operates effectively as a selector switch to take the binary state of counter 96 and decode it to the equivalent step for board 30. Board 30 is effective to generate the appropriate timing pulses on the respective channel outputs. In this manner, step counter 90 sequentially selects the steps which have been programmed in step select 60 and performs those steps in sequence. At the completion of the final step in the selected sequence, a command signal is applied by counter 96 to test routine control 25 by way of a cable 88b.

Counter 90 is further controlled by a step repeat control 92. This control may be operated on to repeat any one step for a predetermined period of time (defined as step repeat"); repeat a pair of steps for a predetermined period of time (pair repeat"); or repeat a four step sequence for a predetermined period of time (quad repeat). In order to accomplish the foregoing, control 92 controls the operation of binary counter 96 to continually return that counter to the appropriate step and enable the desired sequence to be repeated successively for the duration of the predetermined repeat interval. As binary counter 96 advances through its count, the state of counter 96 is applied by way of decoder 98 and then cable 100a to board 30 and by way of cable 10% to quad, pair and step repeat storage controls a-c respectively of control 92. Each of the controls 120a-c comprises an array of switches, each switch corresponding to a particular quad, pair or step sequence which may be preselected to be repeated by the operator.

If the state of counter 96 on cable 10% corresponds to a predetermined repeat step stored in repeat storage control 120a, then there is a quad repeat; if in control 120b, then there is a pair repeat; and if in storage 1200, then there is a step repeat. A quad repeat has precedence over a pair repeat and both have precedence over a step repeat. When the state of counter 96 matches the contents of one of storage controls l20a-c, an output is applied to a respective one of control gates 129a-c and one of interval select switches l25a-c. Interval select switches a-c are associated with each of the 

1. A method for testing a memory element by applying thereto a test routine with said test routine having at least one programmed segment and with each segment having at least one programmed step, which comprises
 1. operating in sequence on said test routine,
 2. operating in sequence on the programmed segments in said test routine by a. recalling, when programmed in a segment being operated on, predetermine other segments for prior operation, b. selecting test parameters and steps to be performed as programmed in each segment being operated on, and
 3. operating in sequence on the selected steps by a. generating timing signals as programmed in each step being operated on, b. generating test signals as a function of said selected test parameters and in response to said timing signals.
 2. operating in sequence on the programmed segments in said test routine by a. recalling, when programmed in a segment being operated on, predetermine other segments for prior operation, b. selecting test parameters and steps to be performed as programmed in each segment being operated on, and
 2. The testing method of claim 1 in which there is further provided the steps of producing a start step Signal after selecting test parameters and steps to be performed to initiate said operating in sequence on the selected steps, generating a stop step signal at the last of the steps selected to be performed, detecting the stop step signal and sequencing to the next segment in said test routine.
 2. operating in sequence on the programmed segments in said test routine by a. recalling when programmed in a segment being operated on, predetermined other segments for prior operation, b. selecting test parameters and steps to be performed as programmed in each segment being operated on, and
 2. operating in sequence on the selected steps by a. generating timing signals as programmed in each step being operated on, b. generating test signals as a function of said selected test parameters and in response to said timing signals, c. applying said test signals to the plated wire regions under test, and
 2. operating in sequence on the selected test routine,
 2. operating in sequence on the programmed segments in each test routine by producing a. programmed amplitude and patter control signals and b. programmed step selection control signals
 3. operating in sequence on the selected steps by a. selecting steps to be performed in response to said step selection control signals and b. generating timing signals as programmed in each of said selected steps, and
 3. operating in sequence on the programmed segments in each test routine by a. recalling, if so programmed in a segment being operated on, predetermined segments other than segments in said selected test routine for prior operation, b. selecting test parameters as programmed in each segment being operated on, c. selecting steps to be performed as programmed in each segment being operated on, d. analyzing the resultant response signals of said element under test
 3. A method for testing a plated wire magnetic memory element by applying thereto a selectable sequence of test routines in which each test routine is a programmed sequence of tests and analyses and with each routine having at least one programmed segment and with each segment having at least one programmed step, which comprises
 3. operating in sequence on the selected steps by a. generating timing signals as programmed in each step being operated on, b. generating test signals as a function of said selected test parameters and in response to said timing signals.
 4. analyzing the resultant first response signal value of said first region with a second response signal value of said second region to determine whether said response signal values are within a predetermined threshold percentage value of each other by a. determining a first ratio said first response signal value with respect to said second response signal value, b. comparing the value of said first ratio with said predetermined threshold percentage value and producing a first error signal if said first ratio value is less than said threshold value, c. determining as a second ratio said second response signal value with respect to said first response signal value, d. comparing the value of said second ratio with said threshold value and producing a second error signal if said second ratio value is less than said threshold value whereby said first and said second response signal values are within said predetermined threshold percentage value of each other if no error signal is produced.
 4. operating in sequence on the selected steps by a. generating timing signals programmed in each step being operated on, b. generating test signals as a function of said selected test parameters and in response to said timing signals, and c. applying said test signals to the plated wire element under test.
 4. The method of claim 3 in which there is further provided after recalling and performing said predetermined other segments returning to said segment being operated on.
 4. generating test signals as a function of said timing signals and said amplitude and pattern control signals, and
 5. applying said test signals to said magnetic memory element.
 5. The method of claim 3 in which said operating in sequence on the programmed segments is performed in an asynchronous manner at an instantaneous rate proportional to the time required to perform the steps programmed in each segment being operated on, and generating said timing signals synchronous with an independent predetermined frequency clock signal.
 6. A system for testing a plated wire magnetic memory element by applying thereto a selectable sequence of test routines in which each test routine is a programmed sequence of tests and analyses and with each routine having at least one programmed segment and with each segment having at least one programmed step comprising first means for selecting at least one of said test routines, second means for selecting in sequence the programmed segments to be in selected test routine and responsive to said first selecting means, means for selectively controlling said second selecting means for recalling predetermined segments other than segments in said selected test routine, means connected to said second selecting means for selecting test parameters as programmed in a selected segment in said sequence, means connected to said second selecting means for selecting steps to be performed as programmed in said selected segment, means connected to said step selecting means for performing in sequence said selected steps, first means connected to said step selecting means for generating timing signals as programmed in a selected step in said sequence, second means connected to said test parameter selecting means, said step selecting means, said performing means and said first generating means for generating test signals as a function of said selected test parameters and in response to said timing signals, and means connected to said second generating means for applying said test signals to said plated wire element under test.
 7. The system of claim 6 in which there is provided means for analyzing the response signals of said element under test resulting from the application thereto of said test signals.
 8. The system of claim 8 in which there is provided means connected to said performing means for generating step selection control signals as programmed in a selected segment in said sequence and said means for selecting steps to be performed being responsive to said step selection control signals.
 9. A system for producing a programmed sequence of tests for a magnetic memory element to be tested comprising programmed test control means for producing (1) programmed amplitude and pattern control signals and (2) programmed step selection control signals, programmed step timing control means for (1) selecting steps to be performed in response to said step selection control signals and (2) generating timing signals as programmed in each of said selected steps, test signal generator means, and means for applying said timing signals and said amplitude and pattern control signals to said generator means for generating test signals in accordance with said control and timing signals for performance of said tests.
 10. The system of claim 9 in which said step timing control means includes means for repeating at least once the generation of timing signals as programmed in a step.
 11. The system of claim 10 in which said repeating means is operable to repeat at least once a selected pair of steps.
 12. The system of claim 10 in which said repeating means is operable to repeat at least once a selected group of four steps.
 13. The system of claim 9 in which said programmed test control means produces said control signals in an asynchronous manner at an instantaneous rate proportional to the time required to perform said steps, and said programmed step timing control means generates said timing signals synchronous with an independent predetermined frequency clock signal.
 14. The system of claim 9 in which said programmed test control means includes means for producing a start step signal for initiating operation of said programmed step timing control means for selecting a first of the steps to be performed.
 15. The system of claim 14 in which said programmed step timing control means includes means for generating a stop step signal at the last of the steps selected to be performed and said programmed test control means including means for detecting said stop step signal.
 16. A system for testing a plated wire magnetic memory element by applying thereto a selectable sequence of test routines in which each test routine is a programmed sequence of tests and analyses and with each routine having at least one programmed segment and with each segment having at least one programmed step comprising means for selecting at least one of said test routines, test routine means for selecting in sequence the programmed segments to be in a selected test routine, programmed test control means coupled to said test routine means for producing at a selected programmed segment an instantaneous rate proportional to the time required to perform programmed steps (1) test parameter control signals as programmed in a selected segment and (2) programmed step selection control signals as programmed in said segment, programmed step timing control means for (1) selecting steps to be performed in said segment in response to said step selection control signals and (2) generating timing signals synchronous with a predetermined clock signal as programmed in each of said selected steps, test signal generator means, and means coupled to said programmed test control means and said programmed step timing control means for applying said timing signals and said test parameter signals to said generator means for generating test signals in accordance with said timing and test parameter signals for performance of said tests and analyses.
 17. The testing system of claim 16 in which said programmed test control means includes means for recalling predetermined segments other than segments in said selected test routine.
 18. The testing system of claim 17 in which said recall means provides for returning to said segment in said selected tesT routine after recalling and performing said predetermined other segments.
 19. The testing system of claim 18 in which each of said programmed test control means and said programmed step timing control means comprises a programmable diode matrix pin board.
 20. The system of claim 16 in which said programmed test control means includes means coupled to said programmed step timing control means for producing a start step signal for initiating operation of said programmed step timing control means for selecting a first of the steps to be performed.
 21. The system of claim 20 in which said programmed step timing control means includes means for generating a stop step signal at the last of the steps selected by said step selection control signals, said programmed test control means including means connected to said programmed step timing control means for detecting said stop step signal and for sequencing to the next segment in said test routine.
 22. A method for testing a magnetic memory element by applying thereto a selectable sequence of test routines with each test routine having at least one programmed segment and with each segment having at least one programmed step, which comprises
 23. The method of claim 22 in which said producing programmed amplitude and pattern control signals and programmed step selection control signals is in an asynchronous manner at an instantaneous rate proportional to the time required to perform said steps.
 24. The method of claim 23 in which said generating said timing signals is synchronous with an independent predetermined frequency clock signal.
 25. The method of claim 22 in which there is provided recalling, when programmed in a segment being operated on, predetermined segments other than said segments in said selected test routine for prior operation.
 26. The method of claim 25 in which there is provided, after recalling and performing said predetermined other segments, returning to said segment being operated on.
 27. The method of claim 22 in which there is provided, repeating at least once, generating timing signals as programmed in a step.
 28. The method of claim 27 in which there is provided, repeating at least once, a selected pair of steps.
 29. The method of claim 27 in which there is provided, repeating at least once, a selected group of four steps.
 30. A system for producing a programmed sequence of tests and analyses for a magnetic memory element to be tested comprising programmed means for generating in accordance with a programmed sequence of tests (1) amplitude select signals, (2) amplitude value signals and (3) pattern select signals, pattern control means responsive to said pattern select signals for producing pattern control signals, amplitude transfer means for transferring said amplitude value signals and responsive to said pattern control means, gating selection means connected to an output of said transfer means and said programmed means for producing amplitude control signals in accordance with said amplitude select signals and amplitude value signals, programmed timing control means for generating timing signals, and current pulse generator means responsive to said amplitude control signaLs, said pattern control signals and said timing signals for producing test signals in accordance with said programmed sequence of tests.
 31. The system of claim 30 in which said programmed means generates an amplitude value signal corresponding to each of a predetermined maximum, nominal and minimum tolerance value, said gating selection means comprises maximum, nominal and minimum tolerance value gating means only one of which is enabled at one time by said amplitude select signals.
 32. The system of claim 30 in which said current pulse generator means includes a first and a second pair of delay means, each pair operable for providing a predetermined first or second delay, pulse routing means responsive to said pattern control and timing signals to apply said timing signals to one of each pair of said first and second pair of delay means, first and second generator means connected to said first and second pair of delay means respectively for generating a positive and a negative pulse respectively in response to the application of a delayed timing signal, and summing means for producing a bipolar test signal from said signals produced by said first and second generator means.
 33. The system of claim 31 in which said current pulse generator means includes an attenuator switchable in accordance with said amplitude control signals for controlling the amplitude of said test signals.
 34. The system of claim 31 in which said current pulse generator means includes means for producing a predetermined constant rise and fall time pulse signal of a constant amplitude in response to said timing and pattern control signals, an attenuator switchable in accordance with said amplitude control signals for attenuating said pulse signal for producing a resultant test signal of predetermined and constant rise and fall time which is independent of amplitude of said test signal.
 35. The system of claim 31 in which said amplitude transfer means is responsive to said pattern control signals for (1) directly transferring during a first state said amplitude value signals from said programmed means directly to a respective tolerance value gating means and (2) transferring during a second state (a) the maximum tolerance amplitude value signal from said programmed means to said minimum tolerance value gating means input and (b) the minimum tolerance amplitude value signal from said programmed means to said maximum tolerance value gating means input of said selection means whereby worst case amplitude control signals are generated for both a programmed pattern and its complement.
 36. The system of claim 30 in which said current pulse generating means includes width control means operable for generating either a first or second predetermined width test signal and pulse routing means responsive to said pattern control signals and timing signals for operating said width control means to generate said first or second test signals thereby providing worst case test signals for both a programmed pattern and its complement.
 37. A system for testing a magnetic memory element by applying a programmed sequence of increasing values of test current pulses and measuring the response of said element to the test comprising programmed test control means for producing (1) programmed amplitude and pattern control signals, (2) programmed schmoo control and amplitude value signals and (3) programmed step selection control signals, programmed step timing control means for (1) selecting steps to be performed in response to said step selection control signals and (2) repeating steps in response to said schmoo control signals and (3) generating timing signals as programmed in each of said selected steps, and test signal generator means having applied thereto said timing signals and said amplitude and pattern control signals for generating test signals, said generator means including sequencer means having said schmoo control signals applied therEto for performing steps in sequence with increasing values of test current pulses.
 38. The system of claim 37 in which said sequencer means comprises a word amplitude sequencer and a bit amplitude sequencer responsive to said schmoo control signals for sequencing during successive steps with increasing programmed schmoo amplitude values either (1) word current pulses with a constant bit current pulse or (2) bit current pulses with a constant word current pulse.
 39. The system of claim 37 in which there is provided means for applying said sequence of increasing values of test current pulses to discrete portions of said memory element, means for analyzing each of said portions and detecting the values of test current pulses for which the peak value of the response exceeds a predetermined threshold value, and display means for displaying the range of current pulse values for which said peak value of response exceeds said predetermined threshold value.
 40. A method for testing memory elements by applying thereto a sequence of test signals and comparing a first response signal value of an element with a second response signal value of an element to determine whether said response signal values are within a predetermined threshold percentage value of each other which comprises determining a first ratio said first response signal value with respect to said second response signal value, comparing the value of said first ratio with said predetermined threshold percentage value and producing a first error signal if said first ratio value is less than said threshold value, determining as a second ratio said second response signal value with respect to said first response signal value, comparing the value of said second ratio with said threshold value and producing a second error signal if said second ratio value is less than said threshold value whereby said first and said second response signal values are within said predetermined threshold percentage value of each other if no error signal is produced.
 41. The method of claim 40 in which said determining and comparing of said first ratio steps are provided by the steps of multiplying said first response signal value times said threshold value to produce a first product, multiplying said second response signal value times a constant multiplier to produce a second product, comparing said first and second products to produce said first error signal if said first product is of greater magnitude than said second product.
 42. The method of claim 41 in which said determining and comparing of said second ratio steps are provided by the steps of multiplying said second response signal value times said threshold value to produce a third product, multiplying said first response signal value times a constant multiplier to produce a fourth product, comparing said third and fourth products to produce said second error signal if said third product is of greater magnitude than said fourth product.
 43. A system for testing a magnetic memory element by applying to regions of the element a sequence of test signals and comparing the value of a first response signal of a region with the value of a second response signal of another region to determine whether said response signal values are within a predetermined threshold percentage value of each other, means for storing said first response signal, first and second multiplier means, means for generating a signal value proportional to a constant multiplier, means for applying (1) said stored first response signal and a signal proportional to said threshold value to said first multiplier means for producing a first product signal, and (2) said second response signal and said constant multiplier signal to said second multiplier means to produce a second product signal, comparing means connected to said first and second multiplier means for comparing said first and second product signals to produce a First error signal if said first product signal is of greater magnitude than said second product signal, means for applying (1) said second response signal and said threshold value signal to said first multiplier means for producing a third product signal and (2) said stored first response signal and said constant multiplier signal to said second multiplier means to produce a fourth product signal, said comparing means comparing said third and fourth products to produce a second error signal if said third product signal is of greater magnitude than said fourth product signal whereby said values of said first and second response signals are within said predetermined threshold percentage value of each other if no error signal is produced.
 44. The system of claim 43 in where there is provided an analog to digital converter for converting first and second response signals from analog form to digital form prior to application to said storage means and applying means in which said first and second multiplier means are digital multipliers.
 45. A method for testing a first and second region of a plated wire magnetic memory element by applying thereto a test routine with said test routine having at least one programmed segment and with each segment having at least one programmed step, which comprises 